名詞性從句九大高考熱點(diǎn)分析
作者:英語組徐愛華 來源:未知點(diǎn)擊數(shù):
次發(fā)布時(shí)間:2013-11-25
名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。因?yàn)樗菑木洌虼司哂芯渥拥慕Y(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)(即有一套主謂成份);同時(shí)又具有名詞性特點(diǎn),所以可以在復(fù)合句中作主語、賓語、表語或同位語。名詞性從句是中學(xué)英語學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn),也是高考的主要考點(diǎn)之一。我們必須弄懂和掌握以下熱點(diǎn)問題。
一、連接詞what與that的用法區(qū)別。
引導(dǎo)主、賓、表語從句時(shí),what要充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語等句子成分,that不作任何成分,只在語法上起連接的作用。例如
____ we can’t get seems better than ____ we have.
A. What; what B. what; that C. That; that D. That; what
解析:本句包含一個主語從句和一個賓語從句,且兩個從句都缺乏賓語,可見兩個引導(dǎo)詞都必須充當(dāng)成分,所以答案是A。又如:
____ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What B. That C. How D. Where
解析:該題答案是A,what在主語從句中作主語,即作謂語動詞caused的執(zhí)行者。在下面的例句中,that不充當(dāng)任何成份,只起語法連接作用(因?yàn)榫渥颖旧聿蝗背煞郑?br /> That the former Iraq president Saddam was captured has been proved.
二、 連接詞whether和if的用法區(qū)別。
通常,引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句和引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí),要用連詞whether,不用if;習(xí)慣上也只能說whether or not,而不說if …or not。例如:
____ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.
A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That
解析:試題中的從句位于句首,不難知道這是一個主語從句,所以答案是C。但是在賓語從句中表達(dá)“是否”既可用if也可用whether。
三、 名詞性從句的語序。
與別的從句一樣,名詞性從句必須用陳述語序。例如:
No one can be sure ____ in a million years.
A. what man will look like B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what D. what look will man like
解析:由于從句不能倒裝,所以答案只能是A。又如:
You can’t imagine ____ when they received these nice Christmas presents.
A. how they were excited B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they D. they were how excited
解析:答案是B。同時(shí)還須注意,從句的引導(dǎo)詞必須始終置于句首,而且how和被修飾的詞excited不能分裂開。
四、 形式主語、形式賓語。
當(dāng)主語從句較長,而謂語較短時(shí),常常將從句后置,而用it作為形式主語,置于句首。
動詞后接復(fù)合賓語,也可用it作形式賓語。例如:
____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
解析:所需詞至于句首,同時(shí)后面有that-從句(邏輯主語),可見這里應(yīng)該用形式主語it,所以答案是D。think, find, consider, believe, feel等動詞后常帶復(fù)合賓語。例如:
Many people think it possible that a trade war between EU and the States will happen.
五、 Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法區(qū)別。
一般說來,what/who等含特指意義,而whatever/whoever等含泛指意義,意為“無論什么/無論誰”。例如:
It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
解析:答案是B,whatever引導(dǎo)一個賓語從句,并且作wants的賓語。這里的whatever不能改成what,因?yàn)轭}意想表達(dá)的顯然是“無論孩子要什么就給他/她什么事不明智的”,具有泛指的概念。同時(shí)要注意,這里whatever也不能改用no matter what,因?yàn)楹笳咧荒芤龑?dǎo)狀語從句。又如:
____ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever
解析:答案是D,whoever意為“無論誰”,表泛指。比較下例:
I can’t remember at the moment who has said the words. (這里的who表特定的某人)
六、 Where, when, why等連接副詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。
Where, when, why等連接副詞也可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,使用的關(guān)鍵是:這個詞必須符合句子的邏輯意義要求。例如:
— I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
— Is that ____ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when C. that D. where
解析:答案是A,why引導(dǎo)的從句作表語,同時(shí)why在從句中作原因狀語。這里之所以選why,而不是when或 where等,唯一的依據(jù)便是句子的邏輯含義,及語境。又如(MET94);
—Do you remember ____ he came?
—Yes, I do, he came by car.
A. How B. when C. that D. if
解析:答案是A,從答語 “he came by car”可知這里問的是“he”來的方式,所以用how引導(dǎo)。
七.“介詞+who(m)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句”與“介詞+ whom”引導(dǎo)的定語從句的區(qū)別。
介詞后面的引導(dǎo)詞用主格還是賓格,決定于它在賓語從句中作主語還是賓語。例如:
It was a matter of ____ would take the position.
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
解析:答案是A。這是一個含賓語從句的復(fù)合句,作介詞of賓語的,是后面的整個句子,而不是賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞,由于這里引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語,所以要用主格who(作賓語時(shí)自然要用whom)。比較下例:
Our country has thousands of excellent scientists, most of whom have received higher education at home.
這是一個“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句;引導(dǎo)定語從句的是“most of+關(guān)系代詞”而不只是這個關(guān)系代詞,同時(shí)這個引導(dǎo)詞又作介詞of的賓語,所以要用賓格whom。(注意與介詞后面的賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞的用法進(jìn)行比較和區(qū)別。)
八、連接詞that的省略。
引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí),that通?梢允÷,但引導(dǎo)主語、表語和同位語從句時(shí),that不能省。例如:
China’s success in manned-spacecraft travel shows ____ our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research.
A. what B. which C. 不填 D. it that
解析:該句中的從句作shows的賓語,是賓語從句,又因?yàn)閺木渲胁蝗敝、賓語,所以只能用that引導(dǎo);又因引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)that可以省略,所以答案是C。
九、同位語從句引導(dǎo)詞where, when的用法特點(diǎn)。
說明先行詞內(nèi)容的同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞where, when與被說明的名詞在概念上不一致。但引導(dǎo)定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞卻必須保持一致。是比較:
Then arose the question ____ we were to get so much money.
This the house ____ the great man Mao Zedong was born 110 years ago.
A. where B. that C. about which D. in which
解析:答案分別是(1) A (2) A/D。先行詞與where, when概念一致時(shí),是定語從句,(2)中的house與where同表地點(diǎn),且這個關(guān)系副詞where或when可以用“介詞+which”的形式代替,所以答案A 和D都可以引導(dǎo)。(1)題中的question與where不表同一概念,可見是同位語從句,所以where不能改用“介詞+which”的形式。
一、連接詞what與that的用法區(qū)別。
引導(dǎo)主、賓、表語從句時(shí),what要充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語等句子成分,that不作任何成分,只在語法上起連接的作用。例如
____ we can’t get seems better than ____ we have.
A. What; what B. what; that C. That; that D. That; what
解析:本句包含一個主語從句和一個賓語從句,且兩個從句都缺乏賓語,可見兩個引導(dǎo)詞都必須充當(dāng)成分,所以答案是A。又如:
____ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What B. That C. How D. Where
解析:該題答案是A,what在主語從句中作主語,即作謂語動詞caused的執(zhí)行者。在下面的例句中,that不充當(dāng)任何成份,只起語法連接作用(因?yàn)榫渥颖旧聿蝗背煞郑?br /> That the former Iraq president Saddam was captured has been proved.
二、 連接詞whether和if的用法區(qū)別。
通常,引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句和引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí),要用連詞whether,不用if;習(xí)慣上也只能說whether or not,而不說if …or not。例如:
____ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.
A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That
解析:試題中的從句位于句首,不難知道這是一個主語從句,所以答案是C。但是在賓語從句中表達(dá)“是否”既可用if也可用whether。
三、 名詞性從句的語序。
與別的從句一樣,名詞性從句必須用陳述語序。例如:
No one can be sure ____ in a million years.
A. what man will look like B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what D. what look will man like
解析:由于從句不能倒裝,所以答案只能是A。又如:
You can’t imagine ____ when they received these nice Christmas presents.
A. how they were excited B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they D. they were how excited
解析:答案是B。同時(shí)還須注意,從句的引導(dǎo)詞必須始終置于句首,而且how和被修飾的詞excited不能分裂開。
四、 形式主語、形式賓語。
當(dāng)主語從句較長,而謂語較短時(shí),常常將從句后置,而用it作為形式主語,置于句首。
動詞后接復(fù)合賓語,也可用it作形式賓語。例如:
____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
解析:所需詞至于句首,同時(shí)后面有that-從句(邏輯主語),可見這里應(yīng)該用形式主語it,所以答案是D。think, find, consider, believe, feel等動詞后常帶復(fù)合賓語。例如:
Many people think it possible that a trade war between EU and the States will happen.
五、 Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法區(qū)別。
一般說來,what/who等含特指意義,而whatever/whoever等含泛指意義,意為“無論什么/無論誰”。例如:
It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
解析:答案是B,whatever引導(dǎo)一個賓語從句,并且作wants的賓語。這里的whatever不能改成what,因?yàn)轭}意想表達(dá)的顯然是“無論孩子要什么就給他/她什么事不明智的”,具有泛指的概念。同時(shí)要注意,這里whatever也不能改用no matter what,因?yàn)楹笳咧荒芤龑?dǎo)狀語從句。又如:
____ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever
解析:答案是D,whoever意為“無論誰”,表泛指。比較下例:
I can’t remember at the moment who has said the words. (這里的who表特定的某人)
六、 Where, when, why等連接副詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。
Where, when, why等連接副詞也可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,使用的關(guān)鍵是:這個詞必須符合句子的邏輯意義要求。例如:
— I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
— Is that ____ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when C. that D. where
解析:答案是A,why引導(dǎo)的從句作表語,同時(shí)why在從句中作原因狀語。這里之所以選why,而不是when或 where等,唯一的依據(jù)便是句子的邏輯含義,及語境。又如(MET94);
—Do you remember ____ he came?
—Yes, I do, he came by car.
A. How B. when C. that D. if
解析:答案是A,從答語 “he came by car”可知這里問的是“he”來的方式,所以用how引導(dǎo)。
七.“介詞+who(m)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句”與“介詞+ whom”引導(dǎo)的定語從句的區(qū)別。
介詞后面的引導(dǎo)詞用主格還是賓格,決定于它在賓語從句中作主語還是賓語。例如:
It was a matter of ____ would take the position.
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
解析:答案是A。這是一個含賓語從句的復(fù)合句,作介詞of賓語的,是后面的整個句子,而不是賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞,由于這里引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語,所以要用主格who(作賓語時(shí)自然要用whom)。比較下例:
Our country has thousands of excellent scientists, most of whom have received higher education at home.
這是一個“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句;引導(dǎo)定語從句的是“most of+關(guān)系代詞”而不只是這個關(guān)系代詞,同時(shí)這個引導(dǎo)詞又作介詞of的賓語,所以要用賓格whom。(注意與介詞后面的賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞的用法進(jìn)行比較和區(qū)別。)
八、連接詞that的省略。
引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí),that通?梢允÷,但引導(dǎo)主語、表語和同位語從句時(shí),that不能省。例如:
China’s success in manned-spacecraft travel shows ____ our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research.
A. what B. which C. 不填 D. it that
解析:該句中的從句作shows的賓語,是賓語從句,又因?yàn)閺木渲胁蝗敝、賓語,所以只能用that引導(dǎo);又因引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)that可以省略,所以答案是C。
九、同位語從句引導(dǎo)詞where, when的用法特點(diǎn)。
說明先行詞內(nèi)容的同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞where, when與被說明的名詞在概念上不一致。但引導(dǎo)定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞卻必須保持一致。是比較:
Then arose the question ____ we were to get so much money.
This the house ____ the great man Mao Zedong was born 110 years ago.
A. where B. that C. about which D. in which
解析:答案分別是(1) A (2) A/D。先行詞與where, when概念一致時(shí),是定語從句,(2)中的house與where同表地點(diǎn),且這個關(guān)系副詞where或when可以用“介詞+which”的形式代替,所以答案A 和D都可以引導(dǎo)。(1)題中的question與where不表同一概念,可見是同位語從句,所以where不能改用“介詞+which”的形式。
下一篇:慢慢的改變