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高考�？紕�(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)匯總

作者：英語組徐愛華來源：未知點(diǎn)擊數(shù)：次發(fā)布時(shí)間：2013-10-28

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
一般過去時(shí)
一般將來時(shí)
過去將來時(shí)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
過去完成時(shí)
將來進(jìn)行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在/完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

1 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)考點(diǎn):
在時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語從句中表示將來動(dòng)作(主將從現(xiàn)):
       When you come next time, bring me some magazines.
       We shall go there tomorrow, if time allows.
       Whether he agrees or not, I will stay at home.
表時(shí)間引導(dǎo)詞: when; before; until/till; as soon as; the moment;   immediately
表?xiàng)l件引導(dǎo)詞: if; unless; once
表讓步引導(dǎo)詞: whenever; no matter when; even if/even though; in case
If he comes back, I will tell him when he _____ to see you again.

comes B. is going to come C. will come D. came

(06上海)Send my regards to your lovely wife when you _____ home.
A. wrote B. will write C. have written D. write
(06全I(xiàn)) 2l. The house belongs to my aunt but she______ here any more.

hasn't lived B. didn't live C. hadn't lived D. doesn't live

(06浙) 6. This machine _______. It hasn’t worked for years.
A. didn’t work          B. wasn’t working    C. doesn’t work         D. isn’t working
(06全I(xiàn)I)20. As you can see, the number of cars on our roads ____ rising these days.
A. was keeping B. keep C. keeps   D. were keeping

2 一般過去時(shí) 考點(diǎn):
通常與表示過去時(shí)間的狀語如 yesterday, last year, in 1980, just now, three weeks ago , at that time , then, in my childhood, at the age of 10, once ,in those days等連用。
(06全I(xiàn)) 29. The water ______ cool when I joined into the pool for morning exercise.
A. was felt      B. is felt      C. felt     D. feels
(06江西)21. My cousin went to Canada two yours ago. He ____ there for a few months and then went to America．
A．worked     B．would work   C．would be working    D. has been working
(06津)4. What we used to think ______impossible now does seem possible.
A. is      B. was    C. has been   D . will be
(06陜)7. —You look very tired. _______at all last night?
       —No, not really. I’m tired out now.
A. Do you sleep    B. Were you sleeping   C. Did you sleep      D. Had you slept

3 一般將來時(shí)考點(diǎn)
通常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用，如tomorrow, tomorrow morning, next year, how soon, in two days(過兩天), in the future
一般將來時(shí)是由“will / shall + 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成的(shall只限于第一人稱),其否定式shall not 和will not 常簡略為shan’t 和won’t。
一般將來時(shí)的常用結(jié)構(gòu)
       ①用于“I expect, I’m sure, I think, I wonder + 賓語從句”中
       Don’t worry about the exam. I’m sure you’ll pass.
       I don’t think the test will be very difficult.
       ②用于“祈使句 + and/or + 陳述句”中
       Work hard and you will succeed.
       Go at once , or you will miss her.
       ③與表示時(shí)間或條件的狀語從句連用
       I’ll let you know as soon as he arrives.
       If you ask him, he will help you.
       We shall go unless it rains.
將來時(shí)間的其他表達(dá)法:
1) be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形
will表示將來，通常是指事先無計(jì)劃的意圖，是臨時(shí)決定的； be going to則表示事先有計(jì)劃的意圖，是經(jīng)過考慮的。
— George phoned while you were out.
— Ok. I’ll phone him back. （臨時(shí)決定）

— Matthew phoned while you were out.
— Yes, I know. I’m going to phone him back. （早有安排）
2) “am/is/are+ 動(dòng)詞ing”的形式，即用進(jìn)行式表示將來。
這種結(jié)構(gòu)用來表示按計(jì)劃或安排將要做的動(dòng)作，多用于瞬間動(dòng)詞，如go, come, leave, arrive, close, fly , start, take等。
Where are you going this afternoon?
The president is flying to New York this weekend.
3) “am/is/are about+動(dòng)詞不定式”這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示打算或安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，通常不與時(shí)間狀語連用, 常與when連用構(gòu)成并列句:
   I was about to go out when the telephone rang.
4) “be +動(dòng)詞不定式”這一結(jié)構(gòu)也表示計(jì)劃，安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
   The headmaster is to meet us at 10:00 am.
(06川) Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 ___ off at 18:20.
     A. takes      B. took       C. will be taken      D. has taken
4   過去將來時(shí)是由“would/should + 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成的。
(06北京)27. --- _______ leave at the end of this month.
      --- I don’t think you should do that until ________ another job.
A. I’m going to ; you’d found       B. I’m going to ; you’ve found
C. I’ll ; you’ll find                    D. I’ll ; you’d find
(06北京) 30. --- Your job ________ open for your return.
           --- Thanks.
     A. will be kept     B. will keep    C. had kept     D. had been kept
(06遼)29. I think it is necessary for my 19-year-old son to have his own mobile phones, for I sometimes want to make sure if he _____ home for dinner.
   A. come     B. comes       C. has come        D. will come
(06福建)24.Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane________.
A. takes off    B. is taking off    C. has taken off     D. took off

5 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 考點(diǎn):
與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有now, today, in these days, this week, this year, right now 等
Don’t interrupt me; I am correcting students’ homework.
The population of the world is increasing rapidly now.
與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有at that time, in those days, this time 以及時(shí)間狀語從句等。
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊用法
       a.表示故事發(fā)生的背景
       It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front.
       Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking.
       b. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)還可和when結(jié)構(gòu)遙相呼應(yīng)，含有意外之意。
       I was walking in the street when someone called me.
       We were playing outside when it began to rain.
(06重慶)21.I have to go to work by taxi because my car_______  at the garage.
A. will be repaired     B. is repaired　　 C. is being repaired   D. has been repaired
(06徽)25．I          along the street looking for a place to park when the accident       ．
A．went; was occurring   B．went; occurred
C．was going; occurred   D．was going; had occurred
----Hey , look where you are going!
----Oh , I’m terrible sorry .              .
A. I’m not noticing       B. I wasn’t noticing
C. I haven’t noticed       D. I don’t notice

.6. 將來進(jìn)行時(shí)考點(diǎn)
1)表示將來某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Don’t phone me between 5 and 6. We’ll be having dinner then.
When I get home, my wife will probably be watching television.
She won't be having a meeting in her office at 8:00 tomorrow.
2) . 表示按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作
　　I will be seeing you next week. 我下個(gè)星期來看你。
　　I’ll be taking my holidays soon. 不久我將度假了。
　　We shall be going to London next week. 下周我們要去倫敦。
3) 將來進(jìn)行時(shí)表示委婉語氣
　 Will you be having some tea?
　Will you be passing the post office when you’re out?
Will you be using your bicycle tomorrow morning?
4) 為避免will給人誤以為是表示“意愿”的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，口語中表示單純的將來時(shí)常用將來進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：
Mary won’t pay this bill. 瑪麗不肯付這筆錢。(表示意愿)
Mary won’t be paying this bill. 不會(huì)由瑪麗來付錢。(單純談未來情況)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 考點(diǎn):

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成形式是“have / has +過去分詞”。表示發(fā)生在過去并已完成但對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響或產(chǎn)生結(jié)果的動(dòng)作。常用的狀語有:
不確定的過去時(shí)間狀語：already, yet, before, recently, lately
That kind of bird ____________( become ) more numerous around here lately.
近來在附近一帶那種鳥越來越多了。
頻度時(shí)間狀語：often, sometimes, ever, never, once, rarely
He is one of the very best men I _______ ever ______(meet).
他是我遇見的最好的人之一。
since + 具體時(shí)間，表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過去開始到現(xiàn)在
I ___________( not hear ) from him since last year.
我自去年以來未曾收到過他的信。
until/by now, up till now, so far, up to the moment 到目前為止
I _________(have) no reply from her so far.
我至今沒有得到她的答復(fù)。
for + 一段時(shí)間，表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)了多久
We ___________( study )English for years.
我們學(xué)英語已有好幾年了。
in/during the past/last five years 在剛剛過去的5年里
In the past few years I ____________(be) to this area for 5 times.
在“It is + 一段時(shí)間+since”結(jié)構(gòu)中，It is也可改用It has been.
It is (has been) a year since I came to this school.
(It was ten years since we had had such a good time.)
他們結(jié)婚到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)十年了。
________________________________________________.
自從我們看望你母親以來到現(xiàn)在有多長時(shí)間了？
______________________________________________________.
在“It is the first time (that) …”中, that從句中用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
It is the first time that I have visited Guangzhou.
( It was the third time that I had made the same mistakes.)
It is the first time I ____________( win ) since I'd learnt to play chess.
自從我學(xué)會(huì)下國際象棋以來，這是我第一次贏。
My friend,who ______ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month.
A. served        B. is serving     C. had served            D. has served

8 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 考點(diǎn):
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是由“have/has been + 現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成的,強(qiáng)調(diào)自過去某時(shí)間一直持續(xù)進(jìn)行到現(xiàn)在。
He is ill. He’s been lying in bed for three weeks. 他病了，已經(jīng)臥床3個(gè)星期了。
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)常和all this time, this week, this month, all night, all the morning, recently等狀語以及since和for引導(dǎo)的狀語連用。
I have been reading Hemingway’s Farewell to Arms recently. 我最近一直在讀海明威的《永別了，武器》。
She has been reciting the words all the morning. 她整個(gè)上午都在背單詞。
辨: She was reciting the words this morning.
9 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的比較
①現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù)，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般不表示重復(fù)性。
Have you been meeting him recently? 你最近常和他見面嗎？
Have you met him recently? 你最近見到過他嗎？
②現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)含有感情色彩，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般是平鋪直敘。
I have been waiting for you for two hours. 我一直等了你兩個(gè)小時(shí)。（可能表示不滿）
I have waited for you for two hours. 我等了你兩個(gè)小時(shí)。（說明一個(gè)事實(shí)）
③現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。
Who has been eating the oranges? 誰一直在吃這些桔子呀？（還剩余一些）
Who has eaten the oranges? 誰把桔子吃光了？（強(qiáng)調(diào)吃得一個(gè)不剩）

10. 過去完成時(shí) 考點(diǎn):
過去完成時(shí)是由“had+過去分詞”構(gòu)成的。過去完成時(shí)表示的時(shí)間是“過去的過去”，這一概念通常通過by介詞短語（截至…時(shí)間）、before和after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句后上下文來表示
By then, by that time, until, by the end of, by the time +clause
                                                                                                        1他在來學(xué)院前已經(jīng)學(xué)過一些英語
She ______________ ( learn ) some English before she came to the institute.
2 他說他在國外待了3年。
He said that he ____________ ( be ) abroad for 3 years.
3 到那時(shí)為止他對(duì)此仍然一無所知。
Until then he _____________ ( know ) nothing about it.

2. intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)可以用來表示一個(gè)本來打算做而未做的事。
I had meant to come, but something happened.
I had intended to call on you, but was prevented from doing so.
我本想幫你的，但當(dāng)時(shí)確實(shí)太忙了。
_________ ( mean ) to help you , but I was too busy at the moment.

3. 常用在hardly/scarcely/barely … when… / no sooner … than … 等結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示“剛剛……就……”。
Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
4 我剛到家大雨就傾盆而下。
Hardly _______ I _______ ( get ) home when the rain _______( pour) down.
5 我們才剛剛開動(dòng)，汽車的輪胎就漏氣了。
Scarcely ___________ we ( start ) when the car _________ ( get ) flat tyre.
6．我們10年都沒這么快樂了。
It ________ ( be )10 years since we ________________ ( have ) such a wonderful time.

It was/had been + time since ( had done )
7 那時(shí)我第三次犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。
It -______ ( be ) the third time that he _________ ( make ) the same mistakes.
練習(xí)
(全I(xiàn)) 31.Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it          ________ yesterday.
A. was happening               B. happens
C. has happened                 D. happened
(全I(xiàn)I) 12.John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,000 more than he ___ for the wedding.                                                                                      A. will plan             B. has planned
   C. would plan            D. had planned
(06廣東)32. The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. She            before.
A. hasn't flown         B. didn't fly
C. hadn't flown         D. wasn't flying
(06湖南)24.I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I ______ to half a dozen other groups.
A. was giving        B. am giving
C. had given          D. have given

11 被動(dòng)語態(tài)�？键c(diǎn):
1) get+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)
被動(dòng)語態(tài)除常用“be +過去分詞”構(gòu)成外，還可用“get+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)多用在口語中，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果。
The boy got hurt when he was riding to school. 那孩子騎車上學(xué)時(shí)受傷了. (get married, get dressed; get burnt, get stuck… )
2) 像cost, weigh, measure等動(dòng)詞表示數(shù)量、重量、大小或程度時(shí)，不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
    This kind of dictionary costs ten dollars.
    Each stone weighs one ton.
   The room measures 120 square metres.
3) 動(dòng)詞read, write, translate, act, add, wash, wear, cook, lock, sell, tear, cut, keep, feel, burn, last, run, record等常和表示行為方式的狀語連用，用主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義。
The book sells well. 這書的銷路很好。
My pen writes smoothly. 我的筆很好寫。
The machine runs well. 機(jī)器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好。
His voice records well.   他的音錄下來很好。
The play reads more easily than acts. 這劇本易讀不易演。
This hall measures 100 metres long and 60 meters wide. 這個(gè)大廳長100米，寬60 米。
4) smell, look, sound, taste, feel, seem等系動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)式.
5)不可拆開的短語動(dòng)詞，如take place, lose heart, belong to, consist of等不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
The book belongs to me. 這本書是我的。
1. The construction of the new railway lines_______________ by now.
A. has been completed    B. have been completed   C. has completed   D. have completed
2.When he turned professional at the age of 11, Mike _____ to become a world champion by his coach and parents..
A. expected      B. was expecting   C. was expected       D. would be expected
3.Customers are asked to make sure that they ______ the right change before leaving the shop.
A. will give      B. have been given   C. have given   D. will be given
6 在動(dòng)詞want、need、require等后面常用動(dòng)名詞表示被動(dòng)含義，等于不定式的被動(dòng)形式。

The bike needs (wants) repairing. ( = to be repaired )

Your clothes require washing. ( = to be washed )

7 worth后跟動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)，但是不跟不定式的被動(dòng)。

This novel is well worth reading.
It well worth making the effort to learn how to do it.
The food is not worth eating.
This novel is worthy of being read a second time.

8 注意一些特殊句式:
be dressed in / be lost in / be faced with / be caught in/ be seated He felt nervous with so many people seated at the back of the classroom.
He is seated at the back of the classroom.
It is said that the book has been translated into Chinese.
The book is said to have been translated into Chinese.
9 有些不及物動(dòng)詞或詞組如:happen, belong to, break out 等沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài).